CodexOne

This is a replica of the top of the last page of Mark in Codex 1. (The text continues on the page all the way to the end
of 16:20.) Codex 1 was made in the 1100's or thereabouts. It contains all the books of the New Testament except the
book of Revelation. It was consulted by Erasmus when he was preparing his printed Greek NT in the early 1500's.
Some interesting features in this part of the manuscript are described here:

1 - Liturgy-related title. This note is quite damaged on the right-hand side, but it probably means something like,
"Read this in the early morning service (Matins) on the third Sunday after All Saints' Day, and on Ascension-Day."

2 - Lozenge. These four dots, arranged like compass-points, are an all-purpose symbol. It is often used to separate
sections of the text, or at the beginning and end of book-titles. Here, it alerts the reader that the material to the right is
an important note.

3 - A note about Mark 16:9-20. The note on the first four lines means, "In some copies, the Gospel is brought to an
end here, and so are the canons of Eusebius Pamphilou. But in many these also appear." It does not say "In early
copies, the Gospel is brought to an end here." Other copies have similar notes about Mark 16:9-20. None of them say
that the early copies omit the passage. In one form of the note, attested by manuscript 215, "the ancient copies" are said
to contain the entire passage. The note seen here in Codex 1 is also found in Codex 1582, which was made in 948.

4 - Ammonian Section-numbers. These were part of a cross-reference system invented by Eusebius of Caesarea --
the same Eusebius whose Canons are mentioned in the note. They are named after Ammonius of Alexandria, whose
Matthew-centered cross-reference system inspired Eusebius to devise a similar cross-reference system which, unlike
Ammonius', was applied to the entire text of all four Gospels. The three numbers here, represented by Greek letters,
are 234, 235, and 236 ("S" = 200, "L" = 30, "D" = 4, "E" = 5, and "ST" = 6). Section 234 begins at the beginning of v. 9
(Anastas de...). Section 235 begins at the beginning of v. 10. Notice the big dot in the text which shows exactly where
the section begins. Section 236 begins at the beginning of v. 12 (after another big dot).

5 - Large gilt letter. It's understandable why the "A" (alpha) at the beginning of verse 9 is enlarged. It begins a
sentence and a section. But the word "dusin" is not at the beginning of v. 12; it's the fourth word in verse 12. So does
the letter D (Delta) here get special treatment? It alerts the reader that a section begins adjacent to the letter, where
the dot, followed by a short space, is found. And it serves the same purpose that paragraph-indentation does.

6 - An unusual variant. The word peripatousin ("as they were walking") is missing! That's weird. Other
manuscripts which omit this word are probably closely related to Codex 1. Codex 1 is a member of a special group of
manuscripts called "Family 1." Kirsopp Lake, a textual critic of the early 1900's, made this observation. This "family"
includes manuscripts 118, 131, 205, 209, and 1582. Manuscript 1582 was made by the same copyist who made
manuscript 1739. In manuscript 1739, the copyist (named Ephraim) preserved many patristic quotations and other
notations which were in the margins of his master-copy.

The marginalia in MS 1739 includes, at James 2:13, a reference to a manuscript written by Eusebius of Caesarea. Also,
the patristic references do not include any writers later than the mid-400's. This indicates that Ephraim's master-copies
were obtained from Caesarea, where someone in the mid-400's had added marginalia to them. So, although 1739 itself
was made in the 900's, its text echoes a copy that was made much earlier, in a place where the annotator had access to
patristic writings, including one copy which, according to the note at James 2:13, was produced by Eusebius of
Caesarea. This suggests (but does not demonstrate) that the margin-note about Mark 16:9-20 echoes a master-copy
made in the mid-400's. (This implies, further, that the MSS which have a similar but shorter note, in which the Eusebian
Canons are not mentioned, were made by copyists in places where the Eusebian Canons had been expanded so as to
include Mark 16:9-20. We can see a trace of that expansion here in Codex 1.)

7 - Kai-symbol. This "S" is not the English letter "S." It represents the Greek word "kai" ("and"), like the modern-day
ampersand (&).